Which factor is NOT a trend shaping current management practices?

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Globalization, digitalization, and innovation are the big forces reshaping how organizations operate, compete, and develop talent today. Globalization pushes managers to coordinate across countries, cultures, and supply chains; digitalization changes how information is collected, shared, and analyzed, enabling faster decision-making and new automated capabilities; innovation drives new processes, products, and business models that require organizations to experiment, learn, and adapt continually. Geographic concentration does not function as a broad, pervasive trend shaping management practices in the same way; in fact, many firms increasingly seek geographic diversification or resilience—spreading operations to different regions to manage risk, access local markets, and build supply chain redundancy. That broader shift toward dispersed, resilient operations is what distinguishes the current management landscape, making geographic concentration the factor that doesn’t fit as a shaping trend.